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Indiana University of Pennsylvania
Indiana Pennsylvania in the Civil War Collection
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Graham, James -- Corre...
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Graham, James -- Corre...
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Graham, James -- Corre...
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Graham, James -- Corre...
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Yorktown (Va.) -- Hist...
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1.
Flail
Agricultural implements--United States--History--19th century--Pictorial works.
This is a photograph of a flail, which was probably used around the 1700-1800s. Until the invention of the threshing machine in 1840, most grain in PA was threshed with the flail. The flail was used during...
2.
Cast Iron Coal Stove
Cast ironwork--1840-1870--Pictorial works. Stoves, coal--1840-1870--Pictorial works. Indiana (Pa.) Iron Works.
This is a photograph of a cast iron coal stove manufactured by the Indiana Iron Works, ca. 1844-1863. Coal as a fuel to heat homes was not used very often during the Civil War period except in those areas...
3.
Scythe
Scythes--19th century--Pictorial works. Agricultural implements--United States--History--19th century--Pictorial works.
This is a photo of a scythe, probably dating before 1850. It has a 30'' blade and handmade handle. It is used to cut grain such as wheat and hay. This farming tool was replaced around the time of the Civil...
4.
Letter from James Graham to his sister, Chaplain's Farm [Chapin's farm], October 14, 1864
Graham, James--Correspondence. Graham, James--Military service. United States. Army. Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, 206th (1864-1865)--Biography. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Equipment & supplies--Union. Fort Brady (Va.)--1860-1870. United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Military life—Union—Personal narratives. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Destruction & pillage. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Sources.
This is a letter from James Graham to his sister, written from Chaplain's Farm [Chapin's farm, Virginia, headquarters of General Ben Butler], and dated October 14, 1864. He writes that he has been ill,...
5.
Letter from James Graham to his sister, Chaplain's Farm [Chapin's farm], October 14, 1864
Graham, James--Correspondence. Graham, James--Military service. United States. Army. Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, 206th (1864-1865)--Biography. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Equipment & supplies--Union. Fort Brady (Va.)--1860-1870. United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Military life—Union—Personal narratives. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Destruction & pillage. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Sources.
A letter from James Graham to his sister, that was written from Chaplain's Farm [Chapin's farm in Virginia, headquarters of General Ben Butler], and dated October 14, 1864. Graham writes that he has not...
6.
Flax Board
Flax--Harvesting--19th century--Pictorial works. Agricultural implements--United States--History--19th century--Pictorial works.
This is a photograph of a flax board that was used during the 1700s and throughout the 1800s. This tool was called a "hetchel" or "hackle." Flax was a leading commerical crop grown in Pennsylvania during...
7.
Buck Saw
Agricultural implements--United States--History--19th century--Pictorial works.
This is a photograph of a buck saw, which was in use from the 1840s until the early 20th century. It is used for cutting wood. During the Civil War era farmers would cut wood to sell for extra income,...
8.
Horse drawn plow
Plows--19th century--Pictorial works. Agricultural implements--United States--History--19th century--Pictorial works.
This is a photograph of a horse-drawn plow, probably used in the 1840's or 1860's to cultivate fields. Sources: Fletcher, Whitcomb W. Pennsylvania Agriculture and Country Life 1840-1940. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania...
9.
Spinning Wheel
This is a photograph of a spinning wheel, probably in use around the 1700's and early 1800's. Pennsylvania farm women were making all the linen and woolen clothes worn by their families, usually used to...
10.
Sickle
Sickles--19th century--Pictorial works. Agricultural implements--United States--History--19th century--Pictorial works.
This is a photograph of a sickle. This tool was probably used during the 1800s to harvest grain crops. Source: Smithsonian Institute- Source in photo, top left.
11.
Crosscut Saw
Agricultural implements--United States--History--19th century--Pictorial works.
This is a photo of a crosscut saw common in the 18th and 19th centuries. It was an important tool for felling trees. During winter months, when farmers had fewer chores, they would cut timber on the land...
12.
Cheesemaker's Curd Cutter
Cheesemaking--19th century--Pictorial works.
This tool was used to make cheese at home. Cheese was made at home until improvements in transportation made it possible to transport milk in liquid form. Factory production then began to replace the home...
13.
Grain Cradle Scythe
Scythes--19th century--Pictorial works. Agricultural implements--United States--History--19th century--Pictorial works.
This is likely to have been used by farmers in Western PA, including the Grahams whose letters indicate that they grew grain including rye. [Letters GC1]. Most Pennsylvania farmers could only afford a...
14.
Hay Hook
Hay--Equipment and supplies--Pictorial works. Agricultural implements--United States--History--19th century--Pictorial works.
Hay baling machinery was introduced in the 1800s and during the Civil War period. Prices for hay increased during the war years. The hook was used to pick up baled hay to make it easier to transport. Source...
15.
Oxen Yoke
Yokes--19th century--Pictorial works. Agricultural implements--United States--History--19th century--Pictorial works.
Oxen were used for a variety of tasks on the farm before the 1840s. In the latter years of the nineteenth century, horses began to replace oxen. Many farmers in western Pennsylvania, however, continued...
16.
Letter from A. G. Curtin to Thomas White, July 9, 1864
Curtin, Andrew Gregg, 1817-1894--Correspondence. Pennsylvania. Governor (1860-1864 : Curtin). White, Thomas, 1799-1866. White, Harry L., 1834-1920--Military service. Salisbury Prison (N.C.). Prisoner-of-war escapes--Union--History--Personal narratives. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Sources.
Letter sent by Pennsylvania Governor A. G. Curtin to Judge Thomas White from Harrisburg on July 9, 1864. Curtin writes that Judge White's son Harry is believed to have escaped from a Confederate prison...
17.
Letter from B. B. Sprague to Thomas White, July 24, 1864
Sprague, B. B.--Correspondence. White, Thomas, 1799-1866. White, Harry L., 1834-1920--Biography. White, Harry L., 1834-1920--Military service. Salisbury Prison (N.C.). United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Prisoners and prisons. United States. Army. Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment, 67th (1862-1865)--Biography. Prisoner-of-war escapes--Confederate States of America--History--Personal narratives. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Sources.
Letter sent by B. B. Sprague to Judge Thomas White from Washington on July 24, 1864. Sprague reports how Judge White's son Harry was able to escape from the Confederates who were holding him prisoner....
18.
Letter from Thomas White to Catherine White, May 28, 1864
White, Thomas, 1799-1865--Correspondence. White, Richard, 1826-1865--Biography. Drewrys Bluff, Battle of, Va., 1864. United States—History—Civil War, 1861-1865—Prisoners and prisons. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Communications. United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Sources.
Letter sent by Judge Thomas White to his wife Catherine White on May 28, 1864. Judge White sends along an article from the Herald newspaper which contains a list of prisoners and casualties from the Battle...
19.
Letter from Simon Cameron to Thomas White, October 27, 1864
White, Thomas, 1799-1866. White, Harry L., 1834-1920--Biography. Pennsylvania--Politics and government--19th century. Cameron, Simon, 1799-1889--Correspondence.
Letter sent by Simon Cameron to Judge Thomas White from Philadelphia on October 27, 1864. Cameron writes that he considers Harry, Judge White's son, to be one of his most useful aides. He also notes that...
20.
Letter from A. G. Curtin to Thomas White, October 14, 1864
White, Thomas, 1799-1866. Curtin, Andrew Gregg, 1817-1894--Correspondence. Pennsylvania. Governor (1860-1864 : Curtin). Pennsylvania--Politics and government--19th century. White, Harry L., 1834-1920.
Letter sent by Pennsylvania Governor A. G. Curtin to Judge Thomas White from Harrisburg on October 14, 1864. Governor Curtin is writing to Judge White to report on a meeting of the State Central Committee...
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